Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges

M. Meyyappan

Director, Center for Nanotechnology

NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology with an expected impact on electronics, computing, data storage, materials and manufacturing, energy, transporation, national security and space exploration. This will talk will first outline potential applications in these areas and challenges to be overcome.

Biography

Meyya Meyyappan is Director of the Center for Nanotechnology as well as Senior Scientist at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, CA. He is a founding member of the Interagency Working Group on Nanotechnolgy(IWGN) established by the Office of Science and Technolgy Policy(OSTP). The IWGN is responsible for putting together the National Nanotechnolgy Initiative.

Dr. Meyyappan's group, consisting of 60 scientists, has been engaged in carbon nanotube(CNT) based nanotechnology, inorganic nanowires, protein nanotubes, biosensor development, chemical sensors, molecular electronics, nanotechnology in genomics, quantum computing, computational electronics, computational optoelctronics, and computational nanotechnology. For further information on his group, see http://www.ipt.arc.nasa.gov . He is a member of IEEE, AIChE, AVS, ECS, ASME, and MRS. He is a Fellow of IEEE. He is the IEEE Distinguished Lecturer on Nanotechnology and ASME's Distinguished Lecturer on Nanotechnology. He has been awarded NASA's Outstanding Leadership Medal for his work on nanotechnology.

Nanosytems Design

K Eric Drexler

Cofounder & Chairman, Foresight Institute

Abstract

A natural goal for advanced nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing -- using nanoscale machines to fabricate large, atomically precise structures by mechanically positioning and joining reactive molecules. The consequences for physical techology will be enormous.

Biography

Eric Drexler is an author, researcher, and policy advocate focused on emerging technologies and their consequences for the future. He pioneered the study of nanotechnology, introducing the term in 1986 to describe Richard Feynman's vision of nanomachines building products with atomic precision. He has authored three books on this topic, and is co-founder and Chairman of Foresight Institute, a non-profit educational organization that aims to help society prepare for emerging technological revolutions.

Chemistry and Physics of Semiconductor Nanowires

Dr. Peidong Yang

Assistant Professor

UC Berkerly

Abstract

One-dimensional nanostructures are of both fundamental and technological interest. They not only exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties intrinsically associated with their low dimensionality and the quantum confinement effect, but also represent the critical components in the potential nanoscale device applications. In this talk, the vapor-liquid-solid crystal growth mechanism will be briefly introduced for the general synthesis of nanowires of different compositions, sizes, and orientation. Unique properties including light emission, and thermoelectrics will be discussed. In addition to the recent extensive studies on “single-component” nanowires, of increasing importance is the capability of incorporating different interfaces, heterojunctions as well as controlling doping profiles within individual single crystalline nanowires. Epitaxial growth plays a significant role in making such nanowire heterostructures and their arrays. I will present our recent research efforts towards superlattice nanowires and other nanostructures with horizontal junctions. The implication of these hetero-junctioned nanowires in light emission and energy conversion (thermoelectrics and photovoltaics) will be discussed. Lastly, ways to assemble these one-dimensional nanostructures will be presented.

Biography

Peidong Yang received his B.S. in chemistry from University of Science and Technology of China in 1993 and a Ph.D. in chemistry (1997) from Harvard University in the laboratory of professor Charles Lieber. He then did postdoctoral research in the area of mesoporous materials with professor Galen Stucky at University of California, Santa Barbara. He began his faculty appointment in the department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley in 1999. He is currently holding the ChevronTexaco Assistant Professorship in department of chemistry. He is the Chair of the subdivision of nanoscience, American Chemical Society. Current research interests include nanowire synthesis, higher-order nanostructure assembly, their optoelectronic properties and energy-conversion applications for which he has received young investigator awards from the National Science Foundation, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. He is also the recipient of MIT Tech. Review TR 100 and ExxonMobil Solid State Chemistry fellowship, 3M untenured faculty award, Hellman Award, Research Innovation Award, and 2004 MRS Young Investigator Award.

Non-Volatile Memory Technology: Moving into the Nanotechnology Age

Stefan K. Lai

Vice President, Technology and Manufacturing Group
Director, California Technology and Manufacturing
INTEL CORPORATION

Abstract

Intel’s ETOX flash memory technology has followed Moore’s Law for nine generations and with the introduction of 90 nm technology, moves into the nanotechnology age. Scaling is expected to continue but with increasingly difficulty. A number of new technologies are proposed as future candidates, including many based on new nano technology concepts reported recently. With memory cost as the value set, the attributes leading to low cost memory will be discussed and be used to compare the different new nano memories. Multi-level, multi-layer and seek and scan memories have the potential to be the lowest cost.

Biography

Stefan K. Lai is Vice President, Technology and Manufacturing Group, and Director, California Technology and Manufacturing. Lai is responsible for the development of silicon process technologies for devices used in communications products, including flash, flash + logic, analog and novel memory technologies.

Lai joined Intel in 1982. He co-invented the EPROM tunnel oxide (ETOX) flash memory cell, which has become an industry standard. Lai started and managed the flash memory development team since 1983.

Previously, Lai was Member of Technical Staff at the IBM Yorktown TJ Watson Research Center from 1979 to 1982. Dr. Lai received a Ph.D. degree in applied quantum physics from Yale University in 1979.

Lai has written numerous technical papers on the physics of silicon-silicon dioxide interface, as well as flash memory technologies and future trends. He holds four patents. He co-authored chapters on non-volatile memories, and has taught at the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), the premier technical conference for semiconductor engineers and scientists. Lai was recognized as an IEEE Fellow in 1998 for his research on the properties of silicon MOS interfaces and the development of flash EPROM memory.

Nano-Enabled IT Business

Dr. Nobi Kambe

CTO & VP, Founder
NanoGram Corporation

Abstract

Nanotechnology enables small, fast, and energy-saving IT products. Numerical market forecast may be meaningless. Small world business is expected to grow big. It will likely be over one trillion dollars when combining IT, Bio-medical, and Energy application markets of nanotechnology. The challenge here is how to bridge creation to commercialization. Venture business is one powerful tool to bring novel technical seeds or product concepts into a market place. This talk provides overview of IT business opportunities from viewpoint of nanomaterials applications, and discusses a nano-venture business model by citing our own NanoGram story.

Biography

Dr. Kambe is Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of NanoGram Corporation. He is a Co-Founder of NanoGram and NeoPhotonics Corporation. He has led technical innovation and market development in nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and their industrial applications at NanoGram. In particular, he has focused on microphotonics, electronics, and new energy generation/storage with some emphasis on miniaturization and emerging functions. Lately he has launched a new NanoGram venture as a knowledge company that leverages its strong IP (intellectual property) and incubation capability, on the basis of partnering in promising product fields. NanoGram has created three spin-outs: NeoPhotonics as a leading optical network component manufacturer, NanoGram Devices as a developer of implantable medical battery devices, and Kainos Energy as a developer and manufacturer of solid-oxide fuel cells. NanoGram is now an open source to nanotechnology and further spins out product-focused nano-application companies. He owns 20 US patents in nanomaterials and applications and 20 additional patents currently pending.

Prior to founding NanoGram in 1996, he was a founding member and Senior Managing Director of International Center for Materials Research (ICMR), a think-tank venture in Japan, and later founded ICMR US Laboratory. This Lab incubated nanoparticle production technology, and served as the precursor to NanoGram. Before ICMR, he had been a Senior Staff Scientist and Supervisor in the fields of compound semiconductors, ultra-thin-films, and photonics, and later a Senior Manager for strategic corporate business planning at Nippon Telegraph & Telephone (NTT), a telecom giant in Japan. He received a Ph.D. from MIT, and M.S./B.S. from Keio University in Japan.

Integrating Semiconductor Technology with Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures *

L. C. Chen (林麗瓊)

Research Fellow and professor at Center for Condensed Matter Sciences

National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

E-mail: chenlc@ccms.ntu.edu.tw

Abstract

Taiwan has been in the leading edge of microelectronics. In particular, infrastructures in Si technology have been well established for the last two decades. Recently, various government organizations in Taiwan have established programs on nanoscience and nanotechnology to achieve objectives that follow the worldwide development trends. As an active participant of these team programs, I will present an overview of our work on some integrated electrical and electronic devices based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and related nanostructures. Specifically, I would like to address the achievements and challenges on Si-based devices incorporating CNT and related nanostructures for field emission and fuel cell applications. Combining the established integrated circuit processes with selective growth of CNT or patterned etching of Si nanotips from Si wafer, gate-controlled or thin-film-transitor-controlled field emission devices are made possible. Meanwhile, arrayed CNT dispersed with ultra-fine Pt nanoparticles have been prepared also by IC compatible processes and their high electrochemical activities imply promising opportunity for fuel cell application.

*Work in collaboration with three other research groups led by Dr. K. H. Chen in the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, as well as by Prof. C. F. Chen (Material Sciences) and Prof. H. C. Cheng (Electronics Engineering), National Chiao Tung University.

Biography

Ÿ Professor Lin is currently the Research Fellow of the Center for Condensed Matter Sciences at National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Prior to that, she worked as a Technical Member, Materials Scientist at General Electric, Schenectady, NY, (1989-1994) Dr. Lin holds a Ph. D. degree in Applied Physics from Harvard University.

Ÿ

Ÿ Professor Lin also serve as the Editorial Board (2004-present) of the Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Taylor and Francis; Associate Editor (2004-present), Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B; and International Committee (2004-present) of European Diamond Conference.

Ÿ She is the Symposium Chair (2004-present) AVS-International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA. Prior to that, she served as Session Chair, for consecutive 3 years: “Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Carbon Nitride, Boron Nitride and Nanostructures”, 2001, 2002; and “Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures”, 2003

Ÿ Dr. Lin is the Councilor (2003-present) of the Taiwan Association of Coating Technology

Ÿ Dr. Lin received the Young Scholar Research Award from Academia Sinica Taiwan (2000)

IC Technology, Past present and Future, and the Needs Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics

Yoshio Nishi

Professor, Electrical Engineering

Research Director, Center for Integrated Systems

Director, Stanford Nanofabrication Facility

Abstract

CMOS scaling seems keeping its pace even after a variety of “red brick walls” identified by ITRS (International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors). However, as we look at materials and devices issues with recent data, there are more than enough challenges ahead of us, which would naturally result in increasingly stronger attentions toward nanoelectronics world. This talk will discuss past, present and near future of CMOS electronics, followed by nanoscale materials and processes issues beyond scaled CMOS.

Bibliography

Professor Nishi is the Director of Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, Research Director of Stanford Center for Integrated Systems and a professor of the Electrical Engineering Department of Stanford University. Professor Nishi has a Ph.D. in EE from University of Tokyo. He is an IEEE fellow. He received Robert Noyce Medal in 2002 and IEEE Jack Morton Award in1995. He is the Formerly senior VP and director of R&D, Texas Instruments. Prior to that, he held a distinguished career at Toshiba and Hewlette Packard.

Professor Nishi’s research areas includes: MOS device physics and technology, Nanoscale devices, 3 dimensional integrated circuits and Nonvolatile memory

He has a special research project: “Initiative for Nanoscale Materials and Processes”